1600s, Virginia was inhabited by several Native American tribes, including:
Algonquian-speaking tribes
- Powhatan Confederacy: A powerful alliance of tribes that lived in the eastern part of Virginia, particularly around the Chesapeake Bay. They were skilled farmers, hunters, and traders.
- Pamunkey: Lived in the eastern part of Virginia, particularly around the Pamunkey River. They were known for their expertise in farming and trade.
- Mattaponi: Inhabited the eastern part of Virginia, particularly around the Mattaponi River. They were skilled farmers, hunters, and traders.
- Chickahominy: Lived in the eastern part of Virginia, particularly around the Chickahominy River. They were known for their expertise in farming and trade.
Iroquoian-speaking tribes
- Manahoac: Lived in the northern part of Virginia, particularly around the Manahoac River. They were skilled farmers, hunters, and traders.
- Monacan: Inhabited the western part of Virginia, particularly around the Monacan River. They were known for their expertise in farming and trade.
Siouan-speaking tribes
- Moneton: Lived in the western part of Virginia, particularly around the Moneton River. They were skilled farmers, hunters, and traders.
- Saponi: Inhabited the western part of Virginia, particularly around the Saponi River. They were known for their expertise in farming and trade.
Other Tribes
- Tuscarora: Although primarily located in North Carolina, the Tuscarora Nation had settlements in southern Virginia.
These tribes had distinct cultures, languages, and traditions, and interacted with European colonizers in various ways, including trade, conflict, and alliance.
Books
Brecourt-Villars, Claudine. The Elegant Table: Dining and Dining Rooms, 1700-1850. 1990.
Hess, Karen. Martha Washington's Booke of Cookery. 1995.
McIntyre, Sylvia. Cooking in Colonial Virginia. 2004.
Brecourt-Villars, Claudine. The Elegant Table: Dining and Dining Rooms, 1700-1850. 1990.
Hess, Karen. Martha Washington's Booke of Cookery. 1995.
McIntyre, Sylvia. Cooking in Colonial Virginia. 2004.
Articles
Brown, Kathi Ann. "Foodways in Colonial Virginia." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 3, 2007.
Hess, Karen. "The Virginian Housewife: A Study of the Domestic Economy of the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake." The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1977.
Taylor, Lonn. "Food and Drink in Colonial Virginia." The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1987.
Brown, Kathi Ann. "Foodways in Colonial Virginia." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 3, 2007.
Hess, Karen. "The Virginian Housewife: A Study of the Domestic Economy of the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake." The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1977.
Taylor, Lonn. "Food and Drink in Colonial Virginia." The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1987.
Dissertations and Theses
Brown, Kathi Ann. Foodways in Colonial Virginia, 1607-1776. Ph.D. dissertation, College of William and Mary, 2005.
Hess, Karen. The Domestic Economy of the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake. Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1975.
Brown, Kathi Ann. Foodways in Colonial Virginia, 1607-1776. Ph.D. dissertation, College of William and Mary, 2005.
Hess, Karen. The Domestic Economy of the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake. Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1975.
Primary Sources
Randolph, Mary. The Virginia Housewife. 1824.
Smith, Eliza. The Compleat Housewife. 1727.
Washington, Martha. Martha Washington's Booke of Cookery. Edited by Karen Hess, 1995.
Randolph, Mary. The Virginia Housewife. 1824.
Smith, Eliza. The Compleat Housewife. 1727.
Washington, Martha. Martha Washington's Booke of Cookery. Edited by Karen Hess, 1995.
